Một Số Cấu Trúc thường xuyên ra thi TNPT.
Một Số Cấu Trúc thường xuyên ra thi TNPT.
I. Mệnh đề chỉ trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả
1. So … That (quá … đến nỗi, đến nỗi mà)
| S + verb + so + adj/adv + that + S + verb |
Ex: It was so dark that I couldn't see anything.
I am so busy that I have no time to visit you.
He spoke so fast that I couldn't understand him
| So many / few + danh từ số nhiều + that So much / little + danh từ không đếm được + that |
Ex: She had so many children that she couldn't remember their dates of birth.
2. Such … That (quá … đến nỗi)
| S + V + such + (a/an) + adjective + noun + that + S + V |
Ex: It was such a heavy piano that we couldn't move it.
She is such a kind girl that everybody loves her.
He asked me such questions that I couldn't answer them.
It was such hot tea that couldn't drink it.
II. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả
3. Too…… to(quá …(khiến ai).. không thể(làm gì)): được dùng trước tính từ hoặc trạng từ
| S + verb +too + adj / adv +( for sb) to infinitive |
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
Ex: This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
Chú ý: Nếu bổ ngữ của động từ theo sau thuộc cùng một người hoặc một vật với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trước, thì ta không nhắc lại nó.
Ex: The book is too expensive for me to buy.( không dùng it sau buy)
4a. Enough ( đủ …(cho ai) để có thể(làm gì))
| S + verb + adj / adv + enough +(for sb ) to infinitive |
Ex: Mary is old enough to do what she wants.
Ex: This coffee is cool enough for you to drink now.
The police ran quickly enough to catch the thief.
The questions were easy enough for them to answer
He will speak English slowly enough for us to understand.
Chú ý: Nếu bổ ngữ của động từ theo sau thuộc cùng một người hoặc một vật với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trước, thì ta không nhắc lại nó.
4b.
| Enough + noun + to infinitive |
Ex: I haven't got enough money to go on holiday.
5. SO THAT + CLAUSE: Chúng ta có thể dung cấu trúc này trước một mệnh đề chỉ mục đích, với ý nghĩa " vì thế"
Ex: I have given him my number so that he can phone me later.
I spoke very loudly so that I could hear him clearly.
B: chúng ta có thể dùng:
| to + infinitive/ in order to + infinitive / so as to + infinitive ( để diễn tả mục đích) |
I went to Italy to study music
in order to study music
so as to study music
chú ý:
dạng phủ định của cấu trúc này là: in order not to infinitive / so as not to infinitive.
Ex: I sat down quietly in order not to disturb their conversation.
I sat down quietly so as not to disturb their conversation.
6. Một vài cách biến đổi câu tương ứng.
| S+V(present perfect)…………..+TIME |
| It is + Time …….Since…..+V(past) ( thời gian là ……. từ khi) |
Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years
> It is five years since Tom and Mary got married.
Ex: I haven't seen my father for one month.
> It is one month since I last saw my father.
Ex: My father has died for 2 years.
> it is 2 years since my father died.
7.
| S+ have/has + not + V(pp) |
| It is the first time + S + have/has +V(pp) |
Ex: I haven't seen that man here before
> It's the first time I have seen that man here.
Ex: I have never read this book before.
It is the first time I have read this book.
8.
| S+has/have + not + V(pp)…….+SINCE (FOR) |
| -S + LAST +V(past)……….When…… - THE LAST TIME + S +V(past)…+WAS… |
Ex: I haven't heard him since August.
- The last time I heard him was in August.
Ex: I haven't seen him since I was a student
- I last saw him when I was a student.
9. Cấu trúc rút gọn chỉ sự tương đồng.
Câu xác định: ta dùng SO hoặc TOO.
| So + trợ động từ + S = S + trợ động từ, too |
| Cũng vậy, cũng thế |
A: I am happy
B: So am I / I am, too.
A: I like music.
B: So do I / I do, too.
A: I can speak English.
B: So can I / I can, too
A: I studied Russian at school.
B: So did I / I did, too.
Câu phủ định: ta dùng NEITHER hoặc EITHER.
| Neither + trợ động từ + S = S + trợ động từ + not, either |
| Cũng không |
A: I am not a teacher
B: Neither am I / I am not, either.
A: I don't like music
B: Neither do I / I don't, either.
A: I can't speak English.
B: Neither can I / I can't, either.
A: I didn't study Russian at school.
B: Neither did I / I didn't, either.
10. Để bày tỏ sự tương phản, ta dùng cùng thì nhưng ở dạng động từ đối lập với câu của người nói.
Ex: A: I'm a teacher > B: I'm not.
A: I've got an electric watch > I haven't.
A: I didn't play tennis > I did.
11.
| S + USED TO + INFINITIVE | = đã thường, đã từng ( chỉ một thói quen trong quá khứ) |
Ex: He used to visit me on Sundays last year.
When I was young, I used to swim in this river.
| S + BE USED TO + V –ING/ NOUN S + GET USED TO + V –ING | = quen, trở nên quen với ( chỉ một thói quen ở hiện tại) |
Ex: My mother is used to getting up early in the morning.
They are used to hot weather.
12.
| IT + TAKE ( sb/sth) + Time + to infinitive | = cần / mất (thời gian ) để………. |
Ex: It takes two hours to do the test.
It took me 2 hours to repair the car yesterday.
- It will take our plane 30 minutes to arrive in Hanoi.
13. chúng ta còn dung " to infinitive" theo sau một số tính từ:
| It's + adjective + infinitive |
It's convenient to eat fast food.
It's difficult to live a big city.
IV. CONJUNCTIONS:
1. Not only … but also (khoâng nhöõng …maø coøn …)
She is not only beautiful but also kind
He not only visited me but also gave me a present.
Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music.
2. Both … and (vöøa … vöøa …)
- Noù ñöôïc theo sau bôûi nhöõng töø hoaëc cuïm töø gioùng nhö "not only … but also"
-Ex: She is both intelligent and beautiful.
- Ex: They both dance and sing.
- Khi noù noái hai chuû töø, thì ñoäng töø ñöôïc chia soá nhieàu.
Both he and his wife are teachers.
3. Either … or (… hoaëc …)
- Noù ñöôïc duøng ñeå noùi veà söï löïa choïn moät trong hai caùi hay hai khaû naêng.
Ex: You can speak either English or French.
She is either a doctor or a nurse
- Khi noù noái hai chuû töø, thì ñoäng töø ñöôïc chia theo chuû töø ñöùng gaàn ñoäng töø.
Ex: Either my mother or my father goes to the market.
Either you or I am wrong.
4. Neither … nor (khoâng … maø cuõng khoâng)
- Noù ñöôïc duøng ñeå noái hai yù vaø noù mang nghóa phuû ñònh.
Ex: We neither smoke nor drink.
- Khi noù noái hai chuû töø, thì ñoäng töø ñöôïc chia theo chuû töø ñöùng gaàn.
Ex: Neither my mother nor my father goes to the market.
V. TAG QUESTIONS (Caâu hoûi ñuoâi)
- Trong caâu hoûi ñuoâi ngöôøi noùi phaùt bieåu nhöng khoâng hoaøn toaøn chaéc chaén veà ñieàu ñoù neân hoï söû duïng 1 caâu hoûi ñuoâi ñeå xaùc ñònh laïi. Caâu hoûi ñuoâi thöôøng coù meänh ñeà chính ñöôïc taùch rieâng vôùi phaàn ñuoâi baèng daáu phaåy.
- Caùch thaønh laäp caâu hoûi ñuoâi:
+ Ta söû duïng trôï ñoäng töø nhö trong meänh ñeà chính, neáu khoâng coù trôï ñoäng töø thì ta möôïn trôï ñoäng töø.
+ Neáu meänh ñeà chính laø phuû ñònh thì phaàn ñuoâi laø xaùc ñònh vaø ngöôïc laïi.
+ Khoâng thay ñoåi thì.
+ Söû duïng chuû töø trong meänh ñeà chính vaø phaàn ñuoâi gioáng nhau, chuû töø phaàn ñuoâi luoân laø một ñaïi töø.
- Caáu truùc
| Caâu xaùc ñònh + ñuoâi phuû ñònh (trôï ñoäng töø + n't + ñaïi töø) |
Ex: You live in Gia Kiem, don't you?
| Caâu phuû ñònh + ñuoâi xaùc ñònh + (trôï ñoäng töø + ñaïi töø) |
Ex: You don't live in Gia Kiem, do you?
I. Kết hợp các cặp câu sau sử dụng "so … that hoặc such … that"
1. I couldn't understand her. She talked too fast.
2. There were few people at the meeting. It was cancelled.
3. We took a walk. It was a nice day.
4. Ted couldn't get to sleep last night. He was worried about the exam.
5. It was an expensive car. We couldn't afford to buy it.
6. I don't feel like going to class. We're having beautiful weather.
7. It took us tem minutes to get there. There was little traffic.
8. They were beautiful flowers. We took a photograph of them.
9. This is good coffee. I think I'll have another cup.
10. It was a good book. I couldn't put it down.
11. The classroom has comfortable chairs. The students find it easy to fall asleep.
12. Karen is a good pianist. I'm surprised she didn't go into music professionally.
13. I have many problems. I can use all the help you can give me.
14. It took us ten minutes to get there. There was little traffic.
15. The piano was heavy. Mike couldn't move it.
II. Kết hợp các cặp câu sau sử dụng cấu trúc có "too và enough"
1. We couldn't eat the food. It was very hot.
2. Sarah can't take a day off. She's very busy.
3. Nobody could move the piano. It was heavy as heavy
4. I can't explain the situation. It's complicated.
5. Three people can't sit on this sofa. It isn't wide.
6. We couldn't climb over the walk. It was very high.
7. Natasha wants to be a professional musician She's very good.
8. We shouldn't swim in this river. The water isn't clean.
9. He didn't get the job. He wasn't experienced.10. I don't wear this coat in winter. It isn't warm.
Bài tập áp dụng:
1. The problem is difficult to solve.
A. it is difficult problem to solve B. it is a problem difficult solve
C. it is difficult to solve the problem. D. it is difficult solve the problem
2. The coffee was too hot for me to drink
A.The coffee was so hot that I can't drink it. B. The coffee was so hot that I can't drink
C. The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink D.The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it.
3. The coat is _____ for me to wear.(A. so much B. too large C. very much D. too much)
4. They have to do better than that _____the goal medal
( A. winning, B. in order win, C. to win, D. so that to win)
5. It spent me 30 minutes to clean the floor.
6. Nowadays it is not easy ___ a well-paid job.( find, finding, found, to find)
7. The furniture was _______
A. too expensive for me to buy. B. enough cheap for me to buy
C. such expensive that I didn't buy it D. so expense that I did buy it.
8.They worked hard____ they could pass the final examination ( because, since, so that, in case )
9. He took his seat quietly ______.
A. so as to not disturb their conversation B. so as not to disturb their conversation.
C. in order not disturb their conversation D.in order for him disturb their conversation
10. There are ___ planets in the universe that we cannot count them( so much, so, so many, such)
11.we are not used ____ on the left.( to drive, driving, to be driven, to driving)
12. he was looking for an eraser ___ he could erase a mistake in his composition.
( because, so that, therefore, however)
13. He walked slowly______ .
( in his bad leg, so that his leg was bad, because of his bag leg, so his leg was bad)
14.He has really worked hard so far,________ he ? ( hasn't, does, doesn't, has)
15. He is learning English ____ he can study in English.( so as, so that, in order to, so as to )
16. The meeting was so length that many people had to leave before it ended.
17. Oliver used to go fishing and _______( so did me, so did I, I did not, so I did)
18. The room is so dirty that it needs clean without delay.
19. the boy is so young to drive that lorry.
20.The car was so expensive that I didn't buy it.
A. The car was too expensive for me to buy B. The car was cheap enough for me to buy
A. The car was such expensive for me to buy D. The car was not so cheap that I couldn't buy it
21.Both my father and my mother is football fans.
22.He is neither a teacher _______ a doctor.( nor, or ,not , and)
23. Neither Linda nor I ____ classical music.( liking , likes , like , to like)
He not only plays the piano ____ composes music.(. and , but also , or , nor)
24Tom is English. Mary is English, too.
A. Neither Tom nor Mary is English. B. Either Tom or Mary is English
C. Both Tom and Mary are English D. Both Tom and Mary is English
25.He went to the library__________ a book.
A. so as to borrow B. so that to borrow C. to borrowing D. in order that borrow
26.The sun is so bright for us to look at directly.
27. Paul was _____ disappointed with his examination results that he didn't smile all week.
( such, too, so, enough )
28: There were so much books in the library that I didn't know which one to choose.
29.Sue: " I like pop music"> Alice:"________"
(A. Yes, I like it, B. No, I won't, C. So do I,D. Neither do I )
30. Peter: " I enjoy listening to pop music" > Maria " _______"
( A. I don't, B. Neither do I, C. I'm ,too, D. so am I )
31. I__________ thirty cigarettes a day, but now I have cut down to ten.
used to smoke
Trang Trước
No comments: